any.hpp

#ifndef ENTT_CORE_ANY_HPP
#define ENTT_CORE_ANY_HPP
 
#include <cstddef>
#include <memory>
#include <type_traits>
#include <utility>
#include "../config/config.h"
#include "../core/utility.hpp"
#include "fwd.hpp"
#include "type_info.hpp"
#include "type_traits.hpp"
 
namespace entt {

namespace internal {
 
enum class any_request : std::uint8_t {
    transfer,
    assign,
    destroy,
    compare,
    copy,
    move,
    get
};
 
} // namespace internal

template<std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
class basic_any {
    using request = internal::any_request;
    using vtable_type = const void *(const request, const basic_any &, const void *);
 
    struct storage_type {
        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-avoid-c-arrays, modernize-avoid-c-arrays)
        alignas(Align) std::byte data[Len + static_cast<std::size_t>(Len == 0u)];
    };
 
    template<typename Type>
    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-sizeof-expression)
    static constexpr bool in_situ = (Len != 0u) && alignof(Type) <= Align && sizeof(Type) <= Len && std::is_nothrow_move_constructible_v<Type>;
 
    template<typename Type>
    static const void *basic_vtable(const request req, const basic_any &value, const void *other) {
        static_assert(!std::is_void_v<Type> && std::is_same_v<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>, Type>, "Invalid type");
        const Type *elem = nullptr;
 
        if constexpr(in_situ<Type>) {
            elem = (value.mode == any_policy::embedded) ? reinterpret_cast<const Type *>(&value.storage) : static_cast<const Type *>(value.instance);
        } else {
            elem = static_cast<const Type *>(value.instance);
        }
 
        switch(req) {
        case request::transfer:
            if constexpr(std::is_move_assignable_v<Type>) {
                // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-casting-through-void)
                *const_cast<Type *>(elem) = std::move(*static_cast<Type *>(const_cast<void *>(other)));
                return other;
            }
            [[fallthrough]];
        case request::assign:
            if constexpr(std::is_copy_assignable_v<Type>) {
                *const_cast<Type *>(elem) = *static_cast<const Type *>(other);
                return other;
            }
            break;
        case request::destroy:
            if constexpr(in_situ<Type>) {
                (value.mode == any_policy::embedded) ? elem->~Type() : (delete elem);
            } else if constexpr(std::is_array_v<Type>) {
                delete[] elem;
            } else {
                delete elem;
            }
            break;
        case request::compare:
            if constexpr(!std::is_function_v<Type> && !std::is_array_v<Type> && is_equality_comparable_v<Type>) {
                return (*elem == *static_cast<const Type *>(other)) ? other : nullptr;
            } else {
                return (elem == other) ? other : nullptr;
            }
        case request::copy:
            if constexpr(std::is_copy_constructible_v<Type>) {
                // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-casting-through-void)
                static_cast<basic_any *>(const_cast<void *>(other))->initialize<Type>(*elem);
            }
            break;
        case request::move:
            ENTT_ASSERT(value.mode == any_policy::embedded, "Unexpected policy");
            if constexpr(in_situ<Type>) {
                // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-casting-through-void, bugprone-multi-level-implicit-pointer-conversion)
                return ::new(&static_cast<basic_any *>(const_cast<void *>(other))->storage) Type{std::move(*const_cast<Type *>(elem))};
            }
            [[fallthrough]];
        case request::get:
            ENTT_ASSERT(value.mode == any_policy::embedded, "Unexpected policy");
            if constexpr(in_situ<Type>) {
                // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-multi-level-implicit-pointer-conversion)
                return elem;
            }
        }
 
        return nullptr;
    }
 
    template<typename Type, typename... Args>
    void initialize([[maybe_unused]] Args &&...args) {
        if constexpr(!std::is_void_v<Type>) {
            using plain_type = std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>;
 
            info = &type_id<plain_type>();
            vtable = basic_vtable<plain_type>;
 
            if constexpr(std::is_lvalue_reference_v<Type>) {
                static_assert((std::is_lvalue_reference_v<Args> && ...) && (sizeof...(Args) == 1u), "Invalid arguments");
                mode = std::is_const_v<std::remove_reference_t<Type>> ? any_policy::cref : any_policy::ref;
                // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-multi-level-implicit-pointer-conversion)
                instance = (std::addressof(args), ...);
            } else if constexpr(in_situ<plain_type>) {
                mode = any_policy::embedded;
 
                if constexpr(std::is_aggregate_v<plain_type> && (sizeof...(Args) != 0u || !std::is_default_constructible_v<plain_type>)) {
                    ::new(&storage) plain_type{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
                } else {
                    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay)
                    ::new(&storage) plain_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
                }
            } else {
                mode = any_policy::dynamic;
 
                if constexpr(std::is_aggregate_v<plain_type> && (sizeof...(Args) != 0u || !std::is_default_constructible_v<plain_type>)) {
                    instance = new plain_type{std::forward<Args>(args)...};
                } else if constexpr(std::is_array_v<plain_type>) {
                    static_assert(sizeof...(Args) == 0u, "Invalid arguments");
                    instance = new plain_type[std::extent_v<plain_type>]();
                } else {
                    instance = new plain_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    basic_any(const basic_any &other, const any_policy pol) noexcept
        : instance{other.data()},
          info{other.info},
          vtable{other.vtable},
          mode{pol} {}
 
public:
    static constexpr auto length = Len;
    static constexpr auto alignment = Align;

    constexpr basic_any() noexcept
        : basic_any{std::in_place_type<void>} {}

    template<typename Type, typename... Args>
    explicit basic_any(std::in_place_type_t<Type>, Args &&...args)
        : instance{} {
        initialize<Type>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    template<typename Type>
    explicit basic_any(std::in_place_t, Type *value)
        : instance{} {
        static_assert(!std::is_const_v<Type> && !std::is_void_v<Type>, "Non-const non-void pointer required");
 
        if(value != nullptr) {
            initialize<Type &>(*value);
            mode = any_policy::dynamic;
        }
    }

    template<typename Type, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<Type>, basic_any>>>
    basic_any(Type &&value)
        : basic_any{std::in_place_type<std::decay_t<Type>>, std::forward<Type>(value)} {}

    basic_any(const basic_any &other)
        : basic_any{} {
        if(other.vtable) {
            other.vtable(request::copy, other, this);
        }
    }

    basic_any(basic_any &&other) noexcept
        : instance{},
          info{other.info},
          vtable{other.vtable},
          mode{other.mode} {
        if(other.mode == any_policy::embedded) {
            other.vtable(request::move, other, this);
        } else if(other.mode != any_policy::empty) {
            instance = std::exchange(other.instance, nullptr);
        }
    }

    ~basic_any() {
        if(owner()) {
            vtable(request::destroy, *this, nullptr);
        }
    }

    basic_any &operator=(const basic_any &other) {
        if(this != &other) {
            reset();
 
            if(other.vtable) {
                other.vtable(request::copy, other, this);
            }
        }
 
        return *this;
    }

    basic_any &operator=(basic_any &&other) noexcept {
        reset();
 
        if(other.mode == any_policy::embedded) {
            other.vtable(request::move, other, this);
        } else if(other.mode != any_policy::empty) {
            instance = std::exchange(other.instance, nullptr);
        }
 
        info = other.info;
        vtable = other.vtable;
        mode = other.mode;
 
        return *this;
    }

    template<typename Type, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<Type>, basic_any>>>
    basic_any &operator=(Type &&value) {
        emplace<std::decay_t<Type>>(std::forward<Type>(value));
        return *this;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] const type_info &type() const noexcept {
        return (info == nullptr) ? type_id<void>() : *info;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] const void *data() const noexcept {
        return (mode == any_policy::embedded) ? vtable(request::get, *this, nullptr) : instance;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] const void *data(const type_info &req) const noexcept {
        return (type() == req) ? data() : nullptr;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] void *data() noexcept {
        return mode == any_policy::cref ? nullptr : const_cast<void *>(std::as_const(*this).data());
    }

    [[nodiscard]] void *data(const type_info &req) noexcept {
        return mode == any_policy::cref ? nullptr : const_cast<void *>(std::as_const(*this).data(req));
    }

    template<typename Type, typename... Args>
    void emplace(Args &&...args) {
        reset();
        initialize<Type>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
    }

    bool assign(const basic_any &other) {
        if(vtable && mode != any_policy::cref && *info == other.type()) {
            return (vtable(request::assign, *this, other.data()) != nullptr);
        }
 
        return false;
    }

    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-rvalue-reference-param-not-moved)
    bool assign(basic_any &&other) {
        if(vtable && mode != any_policy::cref && *info == other.type()) {
            if(auto *val = other.data(); val) {
                return (vtable(request::transfer, *this, val) != nullptr);
            }
 
            return (vtable(request::assign, *this, std::as_const(other).data()) != nullptr);
        }
 
        return false;
    }

    void reset() {
        if(owner()) {
            vtable(request::destroy, *this, nullptr);
        }
 
        instance = nullptr;
        info = nullptr;
        vtable = nullptr;
        mode = any_policy::empty;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] explicit operator bool() const noexcept {
        return vtable != nullptr;
    }

    [[nodiscard]] bool operator==(const basic_any &other) const noexcept {
        if(vtable && *info == other.type()) {
            return (vtable(request::compare, *this, other.data()) != nullptr);
        }
 
        return (!vtable && !other.vtable);
    }

    [[nodiscard]] bool operator!=(const basic_any &other) const noexcept {
        return !(*this == other);
    }

    [[nodiscard]] basic_any as_ref() noexcept {
        return basic_any{*this, (mode == any_policy::cref ? any_policy::cref : any_policy::ref)};
    }

    [[nodiscard]] basic_any as_ref() const noexcept {
        return basic_any{*this, any_policy::cref};
    }

    [[nodiscard]] bool owner() const noexcept {
        return (mode == any_policy::dynamic || mode == any_policy::embedded);
    }

    [[nodiscard]] any_policy policy() const noexcept {
        return mode;
    }
 
private:
    union {
        const void *instance;
        storage_type storage;
    };
    const type_info *info{};
    vtable_type *vtable{};
    any_policy mode{any_policy::empty};
};

template<typename Type, std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
[[nodiscard]] std::remove_const_t<Type> any_cast(const basic_any<Len, Align> &data) noexcept {
    const auto *const instance = any_cast<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>(&data);
    ENTT_ASSERT(instance, "Invalid instance");
    return static_cast<Type>(*instance);
}

template<typename Type, std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
[[nodiscard]] std::remove_const_t<Type> any_cast(basic_any<Len, Align> &data) noexcept {
    // forces const on non-reference types to make them work also with wrappers for const references
    auto *const instance = any_cast<std::remove_reference_t<const Type>>(&data);
    ENTT_ASSERT(instance, "Invalid instance");
    return static_cast<Type>(*instance);
}

template<typename Type, std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-rvalue-reference-param-not-moved)
[[nodiscard]] std::remove_const_t<Type> any_cast(basic_any<Len, Align> &&data) noexcept {
    if constexpr(std::is_copy_constructible_v<std::remove_cv_t<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>>) {
        if(auto *const instance = any_cast<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>(&data); instance) {
            return static_cast<Type>(std::move(*instance));
        }
 
        return any_cast<Type>(data);
    } else {
        auto *const instance = any_cast<std::remove_reference_t<Type>>(&data);
        ENTT_ASSERT(instance, "Invalid instance");
        return static_cast<Type>(std::move(*instance));
    }
}

template<typename Type, std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
[[nodiscard]] const Type *any_cast(const basic_any<Len, Align> *data) noexcept {
    const auto &info = type_id<std::remove_cv_t<Type>>();
    return static_cast<const Type *>(data->data(info));
}

template<typename Type, std::size_t Len, std::size_t Align>
[[nodiscard]] Type *any_cast(basic_any<Len, Align> *data) noexcept {
    if constexpr(std::is_const_v<Type>) {
        // last attempt to make wrappers for const references return their values
        return any_cast<Type>(&std::as_const(*data));
    } else {
        const auto &info = type_id<std::remove_cv_t<Type>>();
        return static_cast<Type *>(data->data(info));
    }
}

template<typename Type, std::size_t Len = basic_any<>::length, std::size_t Align = basic_any<Len>::alignment, typename... Args>
[[nodiscard]] basic_any<Len, Align> make_any(Args &&...args) {
    return basic_any<Len, Align>{std::in_place_type<Type>, std::forward<Args>(args)...};
}

template<std::size_t Len = basic_any<>::length, std::size_t Align = basic_any<Len>::alignment, typename Type>
[[nodiscard]] basic_any<Len, Align> forward_as_any(Type &&value) {
    return basic_any<Len, Align>{std::in_place_type<Type &&>, std::forward<Type>(value)};
}
 
} // namespace entt
 
#endif